Do people with ADHD need to “just try harder”?

It is likely you know a friend, loved one, or colleague who seems especially distractible; prioritizing certain tasks (e.g., hobbies, games) over more pressing matters (e.g., homework). These individuals can procrastinate, as if apparently they don’t mind their queue of neglected deadlines and housework, even though these tasks would be “easy” for anyone else. At a certain point, you might wish you could ask them, Why can’t you just try harder?

While called “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,” it is not a disorder of lacking attention, but rather a disorder of difficulty with transitioning and completing tasks. 

The struggle with motivation

Executive function is not synonymous with intelligence.

An ADHD brain operates on a completely different reward system than the neurotypical brain. Those with ADHD have different neural networks that make it harder for the brain to access dopamine—the “feel good” neurotransmitter that regulates reward, motivation, and executive functioning. 

A neurotypical brain will regulate dopamine so there is a balance between “tedious” tasks (such as laundry or paperwork) and personal hobbies, making both manageable to fit into a day; an ADHD brain will approach tedious tasks with a genuine desire to see them through, but feel a “mental block” when it comes to finishing these tasks. Often ADHD can lead to feeling overwhelmed and anxious and contribute to worsening of other mental health conditions if not treated.

Support & next steps for ADHD individuals 

Stimulant based medications such as Vyvanse, Adderall and Ritalin can improve dopamine regulation, hence improve one’s intrinsic motivation. Therapies can also help to improve executive functioning. The most important step in addressing ADHD challenges is recognizing that ADHD is not a character failure, but a neurological difference.